Urinary human papillomavirus DNA as an indicator of gynaecological infection in young women in Schistosoma and HIV endemic South Africa

BackgroundGlobally, Africa has the highest HIV, cervical cancer and schistosomiasis prevalence.Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) is hypothesized to be associated Baby Tee with HIV and cervical atypia.Young women aged 15 and above, constituting almost 3 million of the South African population, have limited health care access and are at risk for t

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European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) as Vectors and Reservoirs of Pathogens Affecting Humans and Domestic Livestock

European starlings are an abundant, widespread avian species frequently found in close association with human development and agriculture.The ability of Air Freshener starlings to carry and disperse pathogens of humans and domesticated livestock has received considerable attention, including studies of enteric bacteria, viruses, and some fungi.To i

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